Following graduation from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Arvind continued with postgraduate training in pediatrics and pediatric nephrology from the same center, research fellowships at Cedars Sinai Medical Center (Los Angeles, CA) and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (London).

He is on the faculty of AIIMS since 1991 and currently is Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology. The division is recognized for initiatives in education and enhancing training opportunities in pediatric nephrology. His research interests encompass multiple facets of nephrology, with focus on clinical trials, acute kidney injury, hemolytic uremic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome. He has published widely in the specialty, and has lead national guidelines on common kidney diseases in children. He currently collaborates with colleagues from across the country on translational research projects on nephrotic syndrome, hemolytic uremic syndrome and CAKUT, and provides specialized laboratory support for managing some of these illnesses.

Arvind Bagga has served as Editor of Indian Pediatrics and Pediatric Research, and is on the editorial board of Pediatric Nephrology, World J Pediatrics and Current Pediatrics. He is a member of the KDIGO international groups on thrombotic microangiopathy and management of glomerulonephritis.